Allow background mode while an extension is communicating with a native app.

Add support for enabling background mode while an extension capable of
accepting inbound native messaging launch requests is active. Allow
cooperating native apps to launch Chrome without a browser window when
initiating communications with a cooperating extension.

Bug: 967262
Change-Id: I61353c0becb341ad3e08a5a8635e171f9f9bd59b
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1898894Reviewed-by: Sergey Ulanov <sergeyu@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Drew Wilson <atwilson@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Tommy Martino <tmartino@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergei Datsenko <dats@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Sam McNally <sammc@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#716480}

chrome/browser/background/background_application_list_model.cc

@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@
 #include "chrome/browser/chrome_notification_types.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_service.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h"
+#include "chrome/common/chrome_features.h"
 #include "chrome/common/extensions/extension_constants.h"
 #include "components/crx_file/id_util.h"
 #include "content/public/browser/notification_details.h"
 #include "content/public/browser/notification_source.h"
+#include "extensions/browser/extension_host.h"
 #include "extensions/browser/extension_prefs.h"
 #include "extensions/browser/extension_registry.h"
 #include "extensions/browser/extension_system.h"
@@ -85,9 +87,14 @@ void GetServiceApplications(extensions::ExtensionService* service,
   ExtensionRegistry* registry = ExtensionRegistry::Get(service->profile());
   const ExtensionSet& enabled_extensions = registry->enabled_extensions();
 
+  auto* process_manager = extensions::ProcessManager::Get(service->profile());
+
   for (const auto& extension : enabled_extensions) {
-    if (BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsBackgroundApp(*extension,
-                                                        service->profile())) {
+    if (BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsPersistentBackgroundApp(
+            *extension, service->profile()) ||
+        (BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsTransientBackgroundApp(
+             *extension, service->profile()) &&
+         process_manager->GetBackgroundHostForExtension(extension->id()))) {
       applications_result->push_back(extension);
     }
   }
@@ -96,8 +103,8 @@ void GetServiceApplications(extensions::ExtensionService* service,
   // crashed doesn't mean we should ignore it).
   const ExtensionSet& terminated_extensions = registry->terminated_extensions();
   for (const auto& extension : terminated_extensions) {
-    if (BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsBackgroundApp(*extension,
-                                                        service->profile())) {
+    if (BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsPersistentBackgroundApp(
+            *extension, service->profile())) {
       applications_result->push_back(extension);
     }
   }
@@ -230,8 +237,9 @@ int BackgroundApplicationListModel::GetPosition(
 }
 
 // static
-bool BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsBackgroundApp(
-    const Extension& extension, Profile* profile) {
+bool BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsPersistentBackgroundApp(
+    const Extension& extension,
+    Profile* profile) {
   // An extension is a "background app" if it has the "background API"
   // permission, and meets one of the following criteria:
   // 1) It is an extension (not a hosted app).
@@ -269,6 +277,25 @@ bool BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsBackgroundApp(
   return false;
 }
 
+// static
+bool BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsTransientBackgroundApp(
+    const Extension& extension,
+    Profile* profile) {
+  return base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kOnConnectNative) &&
+         extension.permissions_data()->HasAPIPermission(
+             APIPermission::kTransientBackground) &&
+         extensions::BackgroundInfo::HasLazyBackgroundPage(&extension);
+}
+
+bool BackgroundApplicationListModel::HasPersistentBackgroundApps() const {
+  for (auto& extension : extensions_) {
+    if (IsPersistentBackgroundApp(*extension, profile_)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 void BackgroundApplicationListModel::Observe(
     int type,
     const content::NotificationSource& source,
@@ -321,12 +348,16 @@ void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnExtensionSystemReady() {
   background_contents_service_observer_.Add(
       BackgroundContentsServiceFactory::GetForProfile(profile_));
 
+  if (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kOnConnectNative))
+    process_manager_observer_.Add(extensions::ProcessManager::Get(profile_));
+
   startup_done_ = true;
 }
 
 void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnShutdown(ExtensionRegistry* registry) {
   DCHECK_EQ(ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile_), registry);
   extension_registry_observer_.Remove(registry);
+  process_manager_observer_.RemoveAll();
 }
 
 void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnBackgroundContentsServiceChanged() {
@@ -341,17 +372,18 @@ void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnExtensionPermissionsUpdated(
     const Extension* extension,
     UpdatedExtensionPermissionsInfo::Reason reason,
     const PermissionSet& permissions) {
-  if (permissions.HasAPIPermission(APIPermission::kBackground)) {
+  if (permissions.HasAPIPermission(APIPermission::kBackground) ||
+      (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kOnConnectNative) &&
+       permissions.HasAPIPermission(APIPermission::kTransientBackground))) {
     switch (reason) {
       case UpdatedExtensionPermissionsInfo::ADDED:
-        DCHECK(IsBackgroundApp(*extension, profile_));
-        Update();
-        AssociateApplicationData(extension);
-        break;
       case UpdatedExtensionPermissionsInfo::REMOVED:
-        DCHECK(!IsBackgroundApp(*extension, profile_));
         Update();
+        if (IsBackgroundApp(*extension, profile_)) {
+          AssociateApplicationData(extension);
+        } else {
           DissociateApplicationData(extension);
+        }
         break;
       default:
         NOTREACHED();
@@ -391,3 +423,22 @@ void BackgroundApplicationListModel::Update() {
       observer.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
   }
 }
+
+void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnBackgroundHostCreated(
+    extensions::ExtensionHost* host) {
+  if (IsTransientBackgroundApp(*host->extension(), profile_)) {
+    Update();
+  }
+}
+
+void BackgroundApplicationListModel::OnBackgroundHostClose(
+    const std::string& extension_id) {
+  auto* extension =
+      ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile_)->GetInstalledExtension(extension_id);
+
+  if (!extension || !IsTransientBackgroundApp(*extension, profile_)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Update();
+}

chrome/browser/background/background_application_list_model.h

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include "content/public/browser/notification_observer.h"
 #include "content/public/browser/notification_registrar.h"
 #include "extensions/browser/extension_registry_observer.h"
+#include "extensions/browser/process_manager.h"
+#include "extensions/browser/process_manager_observer.h"
 #include "extensions/common/extension.h"
 
 class Profile;
@@ -38,7 +40,8 @@ class ExtensionRegistry;
 class BackgroundApplicationListModel
     : public content::NotificationObserver,
       public extensions::ExtensionRegistryObserver,
-      public BackgroundContentsServiceObserver {
+      public BackgroundContentsServiceObserver,
+      public extensions::ProcessManagerObserver {
  public:
   // Observer is informed of changes to the model.  Users of the
   // BackgroundApplicationListModel should anticipate that associated data,
@@ -83,6 +86,19 @@ class BackgroundApplicationListModel
 
   // Returns true if the passed extension is a background app.
   static bool IsBackgroundApp(const extensions::Extension& extension,
+                              Profile* profile) {
+    return IsPersistentBackgroundApp(extension, profile) ||
+           IsTransientBackgroundApp(extension, profile);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the passed extension is a persistent background app.
+  static bool IsPersistentBackgroundApp(const extensions::Extension& extension,
+                                        Profile* profile);
+
+  // Returns true if the passed extension is a transient background app.
+  // Transient background apps should only be treated as background apps while
+  // their background page is active.
+  static bool IsTransientBackgroundApp(const extensions::Extension& extension,
                                        Profile* profile);
 
   // Dissociate observer from this model.
@@ -103,6 +119,8 @@ class BackgroundApplicationListModel
   // Returns true if all startup notifications have already been issued.
   bool startup_done() const { return startup_done_; }
 
+  bool HasPersistentBackgroundApps() const;
+
  private:
   // Contains data associated with a background application that is not
   // represented by the Extension class.
@@ -145,10 +163,6 @@ class BackgroundApplicationListModel
   // application, e.g. the Icon, has changed.
   void SendApplicationDataChangedNotifications();
 
-  // Notifies observers that at least one background application has been added
-  // or removed.
-  void SendApplicationListChangedNotifications();
-
   // Invoked by Observe for NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_PERMISSIONS_UPDATED.
   void OnExtensionPermissionsUpdated(
       const extensions::Extension* extension,
@@ -158,6 +172,10 @@ class BackgroundApplicationListModel
   // Refresh the list of background applications and generate notifications.
   void Update();
 
+  // ProcessManagerObserver:
+  void OnBackgroundHostCreated(extensions::ExtensionHost* host) override;
+  void OnBackgroundHostClose(const std::string& extension_id) override;
+
   // Associates extension id strings with Application objects.
   std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<Application>> applications_;
 
@@ -175,6 +193,9 @@ class BackgroundApplicationListModel
   ScopedObserver<BackgroundContentsService, BackgroundContentsServiceObserver>
       background_contents_service_observer_{this};
 
+  ScopedObserver<extensions::ProcessManager, extensions::ProcessManagerObserver>
+      process_manager_observer_{this};
+
   base::WeakPtrFactory<BackgroundApplicationListModel> weak_ptr_factory_{this};
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BackgroundApplicationListModel);

chrome/browser/background/background_mode_manager.cc

@@ -130,14 +130,19 @@ Browser* BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::GetBrowserWindow() {
   return BackgroundModeManager::GetBrowserWindowForProfile(profile_);
 }
 
-bool BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::HasBackgroundClient() const {
+bool BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::HasPersistentBackgroundClient()
+    const {
+  return applications_->HasPersistentBackgroundApps();
+}
+
+bool BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::HasAnyBackgroundClient() const {
   return applications_->size() > 0;
 }
 
 void BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::BuildProfileMenu(
     StatusIconMenuModel* menu,
     StatusIconMenuModel* containing_menu) {
-  if (HasBackgroundClient()) {
+  if (HasAnyBackgroundClient()) {
     // Add a menu item for each application (extension).
     for (const auto& application : *applications_) {
       gfx::ImageSkia icon = applications_->GetIcon(application.get());
@@ -205,12 +210,15 @@ BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData::GetNewBackgroundApps() {
       // Not found in our set yet - add it and maybe return as a previously
       // unseen extension.
       current_extensions_.insert(id);
-      // If this application has been newly loaded after the initial startup,
-      // notify the user.
-      if (applications_->startup_done())
+      // If this application has been newly loaded after the initial startup and
+      // this is a persistent background app, notify the user.
+      if (applications_->startup_done() &&
+          BackgroundApplicationListModel::IsPersistentBackgroundApp(
+              *application, profile_)) {
         new_apps.insert(application.get());
       }
     }
+  }
   return new_apps;
 }
 
@@ -416,6 +424,7 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnBackgroundModeEnabledPrefChanged() {
   bool enabled = IsBackgroundModePrefEnabled();
   UMA_HISTOGRAM_BOOLEAN("BackgroundMode.BackgroundModeEnabledPrefChanged",
                         enabled);
+  UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup();
   if (enabled)
     EnableBackgroundMode();
   else
@@ -481,8 +490,8 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnProfileWillBeRemoved(
     background_mode_data_.erase(it);
     // If there are no background mode profiles any longer, then turn off
     // background mode.
+    UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup();
     if (!ShouldBeInBackgroundMode()) {
-      EnableLaunchOnStartup(false);
       EndBackgroundMode();
     }
     UpdateStatusTrayIconContextMenu();
@@ -633,7 +642,7 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::EnableBackgroundMode() {
   if (!in_background_mode_ && ShouldBeInBackgroundMode()) {
     StartBackgroundMode();
 
-    EnableLaunchOnStartup(true);
+    UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup();
   }
 }
 
@@ -642,7 +651,6 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::DisableBackgroundMode() {
   // If background mode is currently enabled, turn it off.
   if (in_background_mode_) {
     EndBackgroundMode();
-    EnableLaunchOnStartup(false);
   }
 }
 
@@ -685,13 +693,14 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnClientsChanged(
   ProfileAttributesEntry* entry;
   if (profile_storage_->
       GetProfileAttributesWithPath(profile->GetPath(), &entry)) {
-    entry->SetBackgroundStatus(HasBackgroundClientForProfile(profile));
+    entry->SetBackgroundStatus(
+        HasPersistentBackgroundClientForProfile(profile));
   }
 
+  UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup();
   if (!ShouldBeInBackgroundMode()) {
     // We've uninstalled our last background client, make sure we exit
     // background mode and no longer launch on startup.
-    EnableLaunchOnStartup(false);
     EndBackgroundMode();
   } else {
     // We have at least one background client - make sure we're in background
@@ -701,7 +710,6 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnClientsChanged(
       // enabled. On Mac, the platform-specific code tracks whether the user
       // has deleted a login item in the past, and if so, no login item will
       // be created (to avoid overriding the specific user action).
-      EnableLaunchOnStartup(true);
       StartBackgroundMode();
     }
 
@@ -714,24 +722,32 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnClientsChanged(
   }
 }
 
-bool BackgroundModeManager::HasBackgroundClient() const {
+bool BackgroundModeManager::HasPersistentBackgroundClient() const {
   for (const auto& it : background_mode_data_) {
-    if (it.second->HasBackgroundClient())
+    if (it.second->HasPersistentBackgroundClient())
       return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-bool BackgroundModeManager::HasBackgroundClientForProfile(
+bool BackgroundModeManager::HasAnyBackgroundClient() const {
+  for (const auto& it : background_mode_data_) {
+    if (it.second->HasAnyBackgroundClient())
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool BackgroundModeManager::HasPersistentBackgroundClientForProfile(
     const Profile* profile) const {
   BackgroundModeManager::BackgroundModeData* bmd =
       GetBackgroundModeData(profile);
-  return bmd && bmd->HasBackgroundClient();
+  return bmd && bmd->HasPersistentBackgroundClient();
 }
 
 bool BackgroundModeManager::ShouldBeInBackgroundMode() const {
   return IsBackgroundModePrefEnabled() &&
-         (HasBackgroundClient() || keep_alive_for_test_);
+         (HasAnyBackgroundClient() || keep_alive_for_test_);
 }
 
 void BackgroundModeManager::OnBackgroundClientInstalled(
@@ -750,6 +766,17 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::OnBackgroundClientInstalled(
   DisplayClientInstalledNotification(name);
 }
 
+void BackgroundModeManager::UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup() {
+  bool new_launch_on_startup =
+      ShouldBeInBackgroundMode() && HasPersistentBackgroundClient();
+  if (launch_on_startup_enabled_ &&
+      new_launch_on_startup == *launch_on_startup_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  launch_on_startup_enabled_.emplace(new_launch_on_startup);
+  EnableLaunchOnStartup(*launch_on_startup_enabled_);
+}
+
 // Gets the image for the status tray icon, at the correct size for the current
 // platform and display settings.
 gfx::ImageSkia GetStatusTrayIcon() {
@@ -841,7 +868,7 @@ void BackgroundModeManager::UpdateStatusTrayIconContextMenu() {
     for (auto* bmd : bmd_vector) {
       // We should only display the profile in the status icon if it has at
       // least one background app.
-      if (bmd->HasBackgroundClient()) {
+      if (bmd->HasAnyBackgroundClient()) {
         // The submenu constructor caller owns the lifetime of the submenu.
         // The containing menu does not handle the lifetime.
         submenus.push_back(std::make_unique<StatusIconMenuModel>(bmd));

chrome/browser/background/background_mode_manager.h

@@ -168,8 +168,13 @@ class BackgroundModeManager : public content::NotificationObserver,
     // Browser window.
     Browser* GetBrowserWindow();
 
-    // Returns if this profile has background clients. A client is an extension.
-    bool HasBackgroundClient() const;
+    // Returns if this profile has persistent background clients. A client is an
+    // extension.
+    bool HasPersistentBackgroundClient() const;
+
+    // Returns if this profile has any background clients. A client is an
+    // extension.
+    bool HasAnyBackgroundClient() const;
 
     // Builds the profile specific parts of the menu. The menu passed in may
     // be a submenu in the case of multi-profiles or the main menu in the case
@@ -257,6 +262,10 @@ class BackgroundModeManager : public content::NotificationObserver,
   // launch-on-startup is enabled if appropriate.
   void OnBackgroundClientInstalled(const base::string16& name);
 
+  // Update whether Chrome should be launched on startup, depending on whether
+  // |this| has any persistent background clients.
+  void UpdateEnableLaunchOnStartup();
+
   // Called to make sure that our launch-on-startup mode is properly set.
   // (virtual so it can be mocked in tests).
   virtual void EnableLaunchOnStartup(bool should_launch);
@@ -321,13 +330,18 @@ class BackgroundModeManager : public content::NotificationObserver,
   // Turns on background mode if it's currently disabled.
   void EnableBackgroundMode();
 
-  // Returns if any profile on the system has a background client.
+  // Returns if any profile on the system has a persistent background client.
   // A client is an extension. (virtual to allow overriding in unit tests)
-  virtual bool HasBackgroundClient() const;
+  virtual bool HasPersistentBackgroundClient() const;
 
-  // Returns if there are background clients for a profile. A client is an
-  // extension.
-  virtual bool HasBackgroundClientForProfile(const Profile* profile) const;
+  // Returns if any profile on the system has any background client.
+  // A client is an extension. (virtual to allow overriding in unit tests)
+  virtual bool HasAnyBackgroundClient() const;
+
+  // Returns if there are persistent background clients for a profile. A client
+  // is an extension.
+  virtual bool HasPersistentBackgroundClientForProfile(
+      const Profile* profile) const;
 
   // Returns true if we should be in background mode.
   bool ShouldBeInBackgroundMode() const;
@@ -406,6 +420,8 @@ class BackgroundModeManager : public content::NotificationObserver,
   // Set to true when background mode is suspended.
   bool background_mode_suspended_ = false;
 
+  base::Optional<bool> launch_on_startup_enabled_;
+
   // Task runner for making startup/login configuration changes that may
   // require file system or registry access.
   const scoped_refptr<base::SequencedTaskRunner> task_runner_;

chrome/browser/background/background_mode_manager_unittest.cc

@@ -136,35 +136,54 @@ class AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager : public TestBackgroundModeManager {
   ~AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager() override {}
 
   // TestBackgroundModeManager:
-  bool HasBackgroundClient() const override {
-    for (const auto& profile_count_pair : profile_app_counts_) {
-      if (profile_count_pair.second > 0)
-        return true;
+  bool HasPersistentBackgroundClient() const override {
+    return std::find_if(profile_app_counts_.begin(), profile_app_counts_.end(),
+                        [](const auto& profile_count_pair) {
+                          return profile_count_pair.second.persistent > 0;
+                        }) != profile_app_counts_.end();
   }
-    return false;
+  bool HasAnyBackgroundClient() const override {
+    return std::find_if(profile_app_counts_.begin(), profile_app_counts_.end(),
+                        [](const auto& profile_count_pair) {
+                          return profile_count_pair.second.any > 0;
+                        }) != profile_app_counts_.end();
   }
-  bool HasBackgroundClientForProfile(const Profile* profile) const override {
+  bool HasPersistentBackgroundClientForProfile(
+      const Profile* profile) const override {
     auto it = profile_app_counts_.find(profile);
     if (it == profile_app_counts_.end()) {
       ADD_FAILURE();
       return false;
     }
-    return it->second > 0;
+    return it->second.persistent > 0;
   }
+
   bool IsBackgroundModePrefEnabled() const override { return enabled_; }
 
   void SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(const Profile* profile,
                                           size_t count) {
-    profile_app_counts_[profile] = count;
+    profile_app_counts_[profile] = {count, count};
+  }
+
+  void SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(const Profile* profile,
+                                                    size_t count) {
+    profile_app_counts_[profile].persistent = count;
   }
+
   void SetEnabled(bool enabled) {
     enabled_ = enabled;
     OnBackgroundModeEnabledPrefChanged();
   }
 
+  using BackgroundModeManager::OnApplicationListChanged;
+
  private:
+  struct AppCounts {
+    size_t any = 0;
+    size_t persistent = 0;
+  };
   bool enabled_;
-  std::map<const Profile*, size_t> profile_app_counts_;
+  std::map<const Profile*, AppCounts> profile_app_counts_;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager);
 };
@@ -358,10 +377,12 @@ TEST_F(BackgroundModeManagerTest, BackgroundAppInstallUninstallWhileDisabled) {
       *command_line_, profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage(), true);
   manager.RegisterProfile(profile_);
 
-  // Turn off background mode (shouldn't explicitly disable launch-on-startup as
-  // the app-count is zero and launch-on-startup shouldn't be considered on).
+  // Turn off background mode (should explicitly disable launch-on-startup as
+  // the app-count is zero and launch-on-startup hasn't been initialized yet).
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(false)).Times(Exactly(1));
   manager.SetEnabled(false);
   AssertBackgroundModeInactive(manager);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
 
   // When a new client is installed, status tray icons will not be created,
   // launch on startup status will not be modified.
@@ -890,3 +911,128 @@ TEST_F(BackgroundModeManagerWithExtensionsTest, BalloonDisplay) {
   service->AddExtension(upgraded_no_bg_ext_has_bg.get());
   EXPECT_TRUE(manager_->HasShownBalloon());
 }
+
+TEST_F(BackgroundModeManagerTest, TransientBackgroundApp) {
+  AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager manager(
+      *command_line_, profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage(), true);
+  manager.RegisterProfile(profile_);
+  ProfileAttributesEntry* entry;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage()
+                  ->GetProfileAttributesWithPath(profile_->GetPath(), &entry));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(KeepAliveRegistry::GetInstance()->IsKeepingAlive());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(false)).Times(1);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 0);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+
+  // Mimic transient app launch.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(_)).Times(0);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 0);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  manager.SuspendBackgroundMode();
+  AssertBackgroundModeInactive(manager);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+  manager.ResumeBackgroundMode();
+
+  // Mimic transient app shutdown.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(_)).Times(0);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 0);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeInactive(manager);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BackgroundModeManagerTest, TransientBackgroundAppWithPersistent) {
+  AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager manager(
+      *command_line_, profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage(), true);
+  manager.RegisterProfile(profile_);
+  ProfileAttributesEntry* entry;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage()
+                  ->GetProfileAttributesWithPath(profile_->GetPath(), &entry));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(KeepAliveRegistry::GetInstance()->IsKeepingAlive());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(true)).Times(1);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  // Mimic transient app launch.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(_)).Times(0);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 2);
+  manager.SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  manager.SuspendBackgroundMode();
+  AssertBackgroundModeInactive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+  manager.ResumeBackgroundMode();
+
+  // Mimic transient app shutdown.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(_)).Times(0);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BackgroundModeManagerTest,
+       BackgroundPersistentAppWhileTransientRunning) {
+  AdvancedTestBackgroundModeManager manager(
+      *command_line_, profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage(), true);
+  manager.RegisterProfile(profile_);
+  ProfileAttributesEntry* entry;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(profile_manager_->profile_attributes_storage()
+                  ->GetProfileAttributesWithPath(profile_->GetPath(), &entry));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(KeepAliveRegistry::GetInstance()->IsKeepingAlive());
+
+  // Mimic transient app launch.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(false)).Times(1);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 0);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  // Mimic persistent app install.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(true)).Times(1);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 2);
+  manager.SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+
+  manager.SuspendBackgroundMode();
+  AssertBackgroundModeInactive(manager);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+  manager.ResumeBackgroundMode();
+
+  // Mimic persistent app uninstall.
+  EXPECT_CALL(manager, EnableLaunchOnStartup(false)).Times(1);
+  manager.SetBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 1);
+  manager.SetPersistentBackgroundClientCountForProfile(profile_, 0);
+  manager.OnApplicationListChanged(profile_);
+  Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&manager);
+  AssertBackgroundModeActive(manager);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->GetBackgroundStatus());
+}

chrome/browser/extensions/api/messaging/native_messaging_apitest.cc

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "base/scoped_observer.h"
 #include "base/test/scoped_feature_list.h"
 #include "build/build_config.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/background/background_mode_manager.h"
+#include "chrome/browser/browser_process.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/api/messaging/native_messaging_launch_from_native.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/api/messaging/native_messaging_test_util.h"
 #include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_apitest.h"
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ base::CommandLine CreateNativeMessagingConnectCommandLine(
           kSupportsNativeInitiatedConnectionsHostName);
   command_line.AppendSwitchASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectId,
                                  connect_id);
+  command_line.AppendSwitch(switches::kNoStartupWindow);
   return command_line;
 }
 
@@ -120,10 +123,16 @@ IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest, MAYBE_Success) {
 
   ResultCatcher catcher;
 
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      g_browser_process->background_mode_manager()->IsBackgroundModeActive());
+
   StartupBrowserCreator::ProcessCommandLineAlreadyRunning(
       CreateNativeMessagingConnectCommandLine("test-connect-id"), {},
       profile()->GetPath());
 
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      g_browser_process->background_mode_manager()->IsBackgroundModeActive());
+
   if (!catcher.GetNextResult()) {
     FAIL() << catcher.message();
   }
@@ -156,6 +165,7 @@ IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest, UnsupportedByNativeHost) {
                                  extension->id());
   command_line.AppendSwitchASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectHost,
                                  ScopedTestNativeMessagingHost::kHostName);
+  command_line.AppendSwitch(switches::kNoStartupWindow);
 
   StartupBrowserCreator::ProcessCommandLineAlreadyRunning(command_line, {},
                                                           profile()->GetPath());
@@ -310,6 +320,75 @@ IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest, InvalidExtensionId) {
       test_host_.temp_dir().AppendASCII("invalid_connect_id.txt")));
 }
 
+constexpr char kExtensionId[] = "knldjmfmopnpolahpmmgbagdohdnhkik";
+
+class NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest
+    : public NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest {
+ public:
+  NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest() {
+    ProcessManager::SetEventPageIdleTimeForTesting(1);
+    ProcessManager::SetEventPageSuspendingTimeForTesting(1);
+    test_host_.RegisterTestHost(false);
+  }
+
+  NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest(
+      const NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest&) = delete;
+  NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest& operator=(
+      const NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest&) = delete;
+
+ protected:
+  void SetUpCommandLine(base::CommandLine* command_line) override {
+    NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest::SetUpCommandLine(command_line);
+
+    if (base::StringPiece(
+            ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info()->name())
+            .starts_with("PRE")) {
+      return;
+    }
+    set_exit_when_last_browser_closes(false);
+    command_line->AppendSwitchASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectExtension,
+                                    kExtensionId);
+    command_line->AppendSwitchASCII(
+        switches::kNativeMessagingConnectHost,
+        ScopedTestNativeMessagingHost::
+            kSupportsNativeInitiatedConnectionsHostName);
+    command_line->AppendSwitchASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectId,
+                                    "test-connect-id");
+    command_line->AppendSwitch(switches::kNoStartupWindow);
+  }
+
+  void SetUpOnMainThread() override {
+    NativeMessagingLaunchApiTest::SetUpOnMainThread();
+
+    catcher_ = std::make_unique<ResultCatcher>();
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<ResultCatcher> catcher_;
+};
+
+IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest,
+                       PRE_Success) {
+  auto* extension =
+      LoadExtension(test_data_dir_.AppendASCII("native_messaging_launch"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kExtensionId, extension->id());
+}
+
+IN_PROC_BROWSER_TEST_F(NativeMessagingLaunchBackgroundModeApiTest, Success) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      g_browser_process->background_mode_manager()->IsBackgroundModeActive());
+
+  if (!catcher_->GetNextResult()) {
+    FAIL() << catcher_->message();
+  }
+  size_t tabs = 0;
+  for (auto* browser : *BrowserList::GetInstance()) {
+    tabs += browser->tab_strip_model()->count();
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, tabs);
+
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(TestKeepAliveStateObserver().WaitForNoKeepAlive());
+}
+
 #endif  // !defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
 
 }  // namespace

chrome/browser/ui/startup/startup_browser_creator.cc

@@ -688,17 +688,25 @@ bool StartupBrowserCreator::ProcessCmdLineImpl(
   }
 
 #if !defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
-  if (!process_startup &&
-      base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kOnConnectNative) &&
+  if (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kOnConnectNative) &&
       command_line.HasSwitch(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectHost) &&
       command_line.HasSwitch(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectExtension)) {
-    silent_launch = true;
     extensions::LaunchNativeMessageHostFromNativeApp(
         command_line.GetSwitchValueASCII(
             switches::kNativeMessagingConnectExtension),
         command_line.GetSwitchValueASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectHost),
         command_line.GetSwitchValueASCII(switches::kNativeMessagingConnectId),
         last_used_profile);
+
+    // Chrome's lifetime, if the specified extension and native messaging host
+    // are both valid and a connection is established, is prolonged by
+    // BackgroundModeManager. If |process_startup| is true, --no-startup-window
+    // must be set or a browser window must be created for BackgroundModeManager
+    // to start background mode. Without this, nothing will take the first
+    // keep-alive and the browser process will not terminate. To avoid this
+    // situation, don't set |silent_launch| in response to the native messaging
+    // connect switches; require the client to pass --no-startup-window if
+    // suppressing the creation of a window is desired.
   }
 #endif