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Switch to using the definitions from src/public/ where possible.

Change DEPS to remove blanket allowances of src/trusted/desc/, and
only whitelist some remaining required headers.

BUG=https://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/issues/detail?id=2832
TEST=build

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1171493003

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#333057}