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This is the result of some discussion at TPAC. Previously the
BadgeManager applied badges to scopes. This CL changes the BadgeManager
to work with AppIds instead (as the web facing API has been changed).

Previous CLs have changed the API exposed to the Web, so this change
only affects how Chromium stores/applies the badges.

TPAC Discussion Summary:
https://github.com/WICG/badging/issues/55

Related CLs:
https://crrev.com/c/1817999
https://crrev.com/c/1818892
https://crrev.com/c/1816002

Bug: 1006665
Change-Id: I24d18bdad5a8a0a92b0d1b5ac14052b9de8913dc
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1830485
Commit-Queue: Jay Harris <harrisjay@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Alan Cutter <alancutter@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#701449}