[blink scheduler] Intensive wake up throttling.

The Blink Scheduler limits wake ups from throttleable TaskQueues
to 1 per second as soon as the page becomes hidden and non-audible.

This CL adds a feature to additionally limit the wake up rate to
1 per minute after 5 minutes in background (both values are
configurable). Local experiments show that this improves battery
life when multiple background tabs are open (see doc linked on the bug).

Potential future improvements:

- Allow N unthrottled wake ups after a page is backgrounded. Increment
  the budget of unthrottled wake ups when a page communicates with the
  user by updating its title/favicon, playing a sound or displaying a
  notification. This could improve support of Calendar or Reminder apps.

- Wait until network is idle before intensively throttling wake ups.
  The intention is not to throttle pages that are loading. The 5 minutes
  grace period may already opt-out most loading pages.

Bug: 1075553
Change-Id: Id46052276bec3384390b002cc5fd2f501e89670a
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/2171976
Commit-Queue: François Doray <fdoray@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Timin <altimin@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Sami Kyöstilä <skyostil@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#774952}

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/BUILD.gn

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ blink_platform_sources("scheduler") {
     "common/cooperative_scheduling_manager.cc",
     "common/dummy_schedulers.cc",
     "common/event_loop.cc",
+    "common/features.cc",
     "common/features.h",
     "common/frame_or_worker_scheduler.cc",
     "common/idle_helper.cc",

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/common/features.cc

+// Copyright 2020 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/common/features.h"
+
+namespace blink {
+namespace scheduler {
+
+const base::Feature kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling{
+    "IntensiveWakeUpThrottling", base::FEATURE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT};
+const base::FeatureParam<int>
+    kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_DurationBetweenWakeUpsSeconds{
+        &kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling, "duration_between_wake_ups_seconds", 60};
+const base::FeatureParam<int> kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds{
+    &kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling, "grace_period_seconds", 5 * 60};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler
+}  // namespace blink

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/common/features.h

@@ -180,6 +180,29 @@ const base::Feature kPrioritizeCompositingAndLoadingDuringEarlyLoading{
 const base::Feature kHighPriorityDatabaseTaskType{
     "HighPriorityDatabaseTaskType", base::FEATURE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT};
 
+// When enabled, wake ups from throttleable TaskQueues are limited to 1 per
+// |kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_DurationBetweenWakeUpsSeconds| in a page that has
+// been backgrounded for |kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds|
+// seconds.
+//
+// Intensive wake up throttling is enforced in addition to other throttling
+// mechanisms:
+//  - 1 wake up per second in a background page or hidden cross-origin frame
+//  - 1% CPU time in a page that has been backgrounded for 10 seconds
+//
+// Feature tracking bug: https://crbug.com/1075553
+PLATFORM_EXPORT extern const base::Feature kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling;
+
+// Duration between wake ups in seconds. For the kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling
+// feature.
+PLATFORM_EXPORT extern const base::FeatureParam<int>
+    kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_DurationBetweenWakeUpsSeconds;
+
+// Grace period after backgrounding a page during which there is no intensive
+// wake up throttling, in seconds. For the kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling feature.
+PLATFORM_EXPORT extern const base::FeatureParam<int>
+    kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds;
+
 }  // namespace scheduler
 }  // namespace blink
 

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/main_thread/frame_scheduler_impl_unittest.cc

@@ -163,12 +163,23 @@ class FrameSchedulerImplTest : public testing::Test {
             base::test::TaskEnvironment::TimeSource::MOCK_TIME,
             base::test::TaskEnvironment::ThreadPoolExecutionMode::QUEUED) {}
 
+  // Constructs a FrameSchedulerImplTest with a list of features to enable and a
+  // list of features to disable.
   FrameSchedulerImplTest(std::vector<base::Feature> features_to_enable,
                          std::vector<base::Feature> features_to_disable)
       : FrameSchedulerImplTest() {
     feature_list_.InitWithFeatures(features_to_enable, features_to_disable);
   }
 
+  // Constructs a FrameSchedulerImplTest with a list of features to enable and
+  // associated params.
+  explicit FrameSchedulerImplTest(
+      const std::vector<base::test::ScopedFeatureList::FeatureAndParams>&
+          features_to_enable)
+      : FrameSchedulerImplTest() {
+    feature_list_.InitWithFeaturesAndParameters(features_to_enable, {});
+  }
+
   ~FrameSchedulerImplTest() override = default;
 
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -441,6 +452,18 @@ void RunTaskOfLength(base::test::TaskEnvironment* task_environment,
   task_environment->FastForwardBy(length);
 }
 
+class FrameSchedulerImplTestWithIntensiveWakeUpThrottling
+    : public FrameSchedulerImplTest {
+ public:
+  FrameSchedulerImplTestWithIntensiveWakeUpThrottling()
+      : FrameSchedulerImplTest(
+            {{kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling,
+              {// Make the grace period for intensive throttling shorter than
+               // the grace period for freezing, because freezing hides the
+               // effect of intensive throttling.
+               {kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds.name, "60"}}}}) {}
+};
+
 }  // namespace
 
 // Throttleable task queue is initialized lazily, so there're two scenarios:
@@ -2403,6 +2426,82 @@ TEST_F(FrameSchedulerImplTest, ThrottledJSTimerTasksRunTime) {
                              start + base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(6000)));
 }
 
+TEST_F(FrameSchedulerImplTestWithIntensiveWakeUpThrottling, TaskExecution) {
+  constexpr int kNumTasks = 5;
+  constexpr base::TimeDelta kShortDelay = base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(1);
+  const base::TimeDelta kGracePeriod = base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(
+      kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds.Get());
+  const base::TimeDelta kDurationBetweenWakeUps = base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(
+      kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_DurationBetweenWakeUpsSeconds.Get());
+  const scoped_refptr<base::SingleThreadTaskRunner> task_runner =
+      frame_scheduler_->GetTaskRunner(TaskType::kJavascriptTimer);
+
+  // Snap the time to a multiple of |kDurationBetweenWakeUps|. Otherwise,
+  // the time at which tasks can run after throttling is enabled will vary.
+  const base::TimeTicks start_time = base::TimeTicks::Now();
+  const base::TimeTicks aligned_start_time =
+      start_time.SnappedToNextTick(base::TimeTicks(), kDurationBetweenWakeUps);
+  if (aligned_start_time != start_time)
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(aligned_start_time - start_time);
+
+  // Hide the page. This starts the delay to throttle background wake ups.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(page_scheduler_->IsPageVisible());
+  page_scheduler_->SetPageVisible(false);
+
+  // Initially, wake ups are not throttled.
+  {
+    int counter = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumTasks; ++i) {
+      task_runner->PostDelayedTask(
+          FROM_HERE,
+          base::BindOnce(&IncrementCounter, base::Unretained(&counter)),
+          i * kShortDelay);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, counter);
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kShortDelay * kNumTasks);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kNumTasks, counter);
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kGracePeriod - kNumTasks * kShortDelay);
+  }
+
+  // After |kGracePeriod|, wake ups are limited to 1 per
+  // |kDurationBetweenWakeUps|.
+  {
+    int counter = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumTasks; ++i) {
+      task_runner->PostDelayedTask(
+          FROM_HERE,
+          base::BindOnce(&IncrementCounter, base::Unretained(&counter)),
+          (i + 1) * kShortDelay);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, counter);
+    // No task should run before |kDurationBetweenWakeUps| has elapsed.
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumTasks; ++i) {
+      task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kShortDelay);
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, counter);
+    }
+    // All tasks should run after |kDurationBetweenWakeUps| has elapsed.
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kDurationBetweenWakeUps -
+                                    kNumTasks * kShortDelay);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kNumTasks, counter);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Post an extra task. It should run after another |kDurationBetweenWakeUps|
+    // has elapsed.
+    int counter = 0;
+    task_runner->PostDelayedTask(
+        FROM_HERE,
+        base::BindOnce(&IncrementCounter, base::Unretained(&counter)),
+        kShortDelay);
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kShortDelay);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, counter);
+    task_environment_.FastForwardBy(kDurationBetweenWakeUps - kShortDelay);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, counter);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace frame_scheduler_impl_unittest
 }  // namespace scheduler
 }  // namespace blink

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/main_thread/page_scheduler_impl.cc

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "third_party/blink/public/common/features.h"
 #include "third_party/blink/public/platform/platform.h"
 #include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/runtime_enabled_features.h"
+#include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/common/features.h"
 #include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/common/throttling/budget_pool.h"
 #include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/main_thread/auto_advancing_virtual_time_domain.h"
 #include "third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/main_thread/frame_scheduler_impl.h"
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ constexpr base::TimeDelta kDefaultDelayForBackgroundTabFreezing =
 constexpr base::TimeDelta kDefaultDelayForBackgroundAndNetworkIdleTabFreezing =
     base::TimeDelta::FromMinutes(1);
 
-// Interval between throttled wake ups.
-constexpr base::TimeDelta kThrottledWakeUpInterval =
+// Interval between throttled wake ups, when intensive throttling is disabled.
+constexpr base::TimeDelta kDefaultThrottledWakeUpInterval =
     base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(1);
 
 // Duration of a throttled wake up.
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ PageSchedulerImpl::PageSchedulerImpl(
       nested_runloop_(false),
       is_main_frame_local_(false),
       is_cpu_time_throttled_(false),
+      are_wake_ups_intensively_throttled_(false),
       keep_active_(main_thread_scheduler->SchedulerKeepActive()),
       cpu_time_budget_pool_(nullptr),
       wake_up_budget_pool_(nullptr),
@@ -173,8 +175,11 @@ PageSchedulerImpl::PageSchedulerImpl(
       this, kDefaultPageVisibility == PageVisibilityState::kVisible
                 ? PageLifecycleState::kActive
                 : PageLifecycleState::kHiddenBackgrounded));
-  do_throttle_page_callback_.Reset(base::BindRepeating(
-      &PageSchedulerImpl::DoThrottlePage, base::Unretained(this)));
+  do_throttle_cpu_time_callback_.Reset(base::BindRepeating(
+      &PageSchedulerImpl::DoThrottleCPUTime, base::Unretained(this)));
+  do_intensively_throttle_wake_ups_callback_.Reset(
+      base::BindRepeating(&PageSchedulerImpl::DoIntensivelyThrottleWakeUps,
+                          base::Unretained(this)));
   on_audio_silent_closure_.Reset(base::BindRepeating(
       &PageSchedulerImpl::OnAudioSilent, base::Unretained(this)));
   do_freeze_page_callback_.Reset(base::BindRepeating(
@@ -496,7 +501,10 @@ void PageSchedulerImpl::OnAggressiveThrottlingStatusUpdated() {
       opted_out_from_aggressive_throttling) {
     opted_out_from_aggressive_throttling_ =
         opted_out_from_aggressive_throttling;
-    UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState();
+    base::sequence_manager::LazyNow lazy_now(
+        main_thread_scheduler_->tick_clock());
+    UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
+    UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
   }
 }
 
@@ -575,7 +583,7 @@ void PageSchedulerImpl::MaybeInitializeBackgroundCPUTimeBudgetPool(
         lazy_now->Now(), settings.initial_budget.value());
   }
 
-  UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState();
+  UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(lazy_now);
 }
 
 WakeUpBudgetPool* PageSchedulerImpl::wake_up_budget_pool() {
@@ -591,9 +599,11 @@ void PageSchedulerImpl::MaybeInitializeWakeUpBudgetPool(
       main_thread_scheduler_->task_queue_throttler()->CreateWakeUpBudgetPool(
           "Page Wake Up Throttling");
 
-  wake_up_budget_pool_->SetWakeUpInterval(lazy_now->Now(),
-                                          kThrottledWakeUpInterval);
+  // The Wake Up Interval is set in UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(), based on current
+  // state. The Wake Up Duration is constant and is set here.
   wake_up_budget_pool_->SetWakeUpDuration(kThrottledWakeUpDuration);
+
+  UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(lazy_now);
 }
 
 void PageSchedulerImpl::OnThrottlingReported(
@@ -618,37 +628,80 @@ void PageSchedulerImpl::OnThrottlingReported(
 
 void PageSchedulerImpl::UpdateBackgroundSchedulingLifecycleState(
     NotificationPolicy notification_policy) {
+  base::sequence_manager::LazyNow lazy_now(
+      main_thread_scheduler_->tick_clock());
+
   if (page_visibility_ == PageVisibilityState::kVisible) {
     is_cpu_time_throttled_ = false;
-    do_throttle_page_callback_.Cancel();
-    UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState();
+    do_throttle_cpu_time_callback_.Cancel();
+    UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
+
+    are_wake_ups_intensively_throttled_ = false;
+    do_intensively_throttle_wake_ups_callback_.Cancel();
+    UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
   } else {
-    main_thread_scheduler_->ControlTaskRunner()->PostDelayedTask(
-        FROM_HERE, do_throttle_page_callback_.GetCallback(),
-        kThrottlingDelayAfterBackgrounding);
+    if (cpu_time_budget_pool_) {
+      main_thread_scheduler_->ControlTaskRunner()->PostDelayedTask(
+          FROM_HERE, do_throttle_cpu_time_callback_.GetCallback(),
+          kThrottlingDelayAfterBackgrounding);
+    }
+    if (wake_up_budget_pool_) {
+      main_thread_scheduler_->ControlTaskRunner()->PostDelayedTask(
+          FROM_HERE, do_intensively_throttle_wake_ups_callback_.GetCallback(),
+          base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(
+              kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_GracePeriodSeconds.Get()));
+    }
   }
   if (notification_policy == NotificationPolicy::kNotifyFrames)
     NotifyFrames();
 }
 
-void PageSchedulerImpl::DoThrottlePage() {
-  do_throttle_page_callback_.Cancel();
+void PageSchedulerImpl::DoThrottleCPUTime() {
+  do_throttle_cpu_time_callback_.Cancel();
   is_cpu_time_throttled_ = true;
 
-  UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState();
+  base::sequence_manager::LazyNow lazy_now(
+      main_thread_scheduler_->tick_clock());
+  UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
   NotifyFrames();
 }
 
-void PageSchedulerImpl::UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState() {
-  if (!cpu_time_budget_pool_)
-    return;
+void PageSchedulerImpl::DoIntensivelyThrottleWakeUps() {
+  do_intensively_throttle_wake_ups_callback_.Cancel();
+  are_wake_ups_intensively_throttled_ = true;
 
   base::sequence_manager::LazyNow lazy_now(
       main_thread_scheduler_->tick_clock());
+  UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(&lazy_now);
+  NotifyFrames();
+}
+
+void PageSchedulerImpl::UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(
+    base::sequence_manager::LazyNow* lazy_now) {
+  if (!cpu_time_budget_pool_)
+    return;
+
   if (is_cpu_time_throttled_ && !opted_out_from_aggressive_throttling_) {
-    cpu_time_budget_pool_->EnableThrottling(&lazy_now);
+    cpu_time_budget_pool_->EnableThrottling(lazy_now);
+  } else {
+    cpu_time_budget_pool_->DisableThrottling(lazy_now);
+  }
+}
+
+void PageSchedulerImpl::UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(
+    base::sequence_manager::LazyNow* lazy_now) {
+  if (!wake_up_budget_pool_)
+    return;
+
+  if (are_wake_ups_intensively_throttled_ &&
+      !opted_out_from_aggressive_throttling_) {
+    wake_up_budget_pool_->SetWakeUpInterval(
+        lazy_now->Now(),
+        base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(
+            kIntensiveWakeUpThrottling_DurationBetweenWakeUpsSeconds.Get()));
   } else {
-    cpu_time_budget_pool_->DisableThrottling(&lazy_now);
+    wake_up_budget_pool_->SetWakeUpInterval(lazy_now->Now(),
+                                            kDefaultThrottledWakeUpInterval);
   }
 }
 

third_party/blink/renderer/platform/scheduler/main_thread/page_scheduler_impl.h

@@ -218,19 +218,19 @@ class PLATFORM_EXPORT PageSchedulerImpl : public PageScheduler {
   void UpdateBackgroundSchedulingLifecycleState(
       NotificationPolicy notification_policy);
 
-  // As a part of UpdateBackgroundSchedulingLifecycleState set correct
-  // background_time_budget_pool_ state depending on page visibility and
-  // number of active connections.
-  void UpdateBackgroundBudgetPoolSchedulingLifecycleState();
+  // Adjusts settings of a budget pool depending on current state of the page.
+  void UpdateCPUTimeBudgetPool(base::sequence_manager::LazyNow* lazy_now);
+  void UpdateWakeUpBudgetPool(base::sequence_manager::LazyNow* lazy_now);
 
   // Callback for marking page is silent after a delay since last audible
   // signal.
   void OnAudioSilent();
 
-  // Callback for enabling throttling in background after specified delay.
+  // Callbacks for adjusting the settings of a budget pool after a delay.
   // TODO(altimin): Trigger throttling depending on the loading state
   // of the page.
-  void DoThrottlePage();
+  void DoThrottleCPUTime();
+  void DoIntensivelyThrottleWakeUps();
 
   // Notify frames that the page scheduler state has been updated.
   void NotifyFrames();
@@ -262,11 +262,13 @@ class PLATFORM_EXPORT PageSchedulerImpl : public PageScheduler {
   bool nested_runloop_;
   bool is_main_frame_local_;
   bool is_cpu_time_throttled_;
+  bool are_wake_ups_intensively_throttled_;
   bool keep_active_;
   CPUTimeBudgetPool* cpu_time_budget_pool_;
   WakeUpBudgetPool* wake_up_budget_pool_;
   PageScheduler::Delegate* delegate_;
-  CancelableClosureHolder do_throttle_page_callback_;
+  CancelableClosureHolder do_throttle_cpu_time_callback_;
+  CancelableClosureHolder do_intensively_throttle_wake_ups_callback_;
   CancelableClosureHolder on_audio_silent_closure_;
   CancelableClosureHolder do_freeze_page_callback_;
   const base::TimeDelta delay_for_background_tab_freezing_;